The Effects of The Financial Crisis of 2008 on the UK Economic Growth Dissertation

The Effects of The Financial Crisis of 2008 on the UK Economic Growth - Dissertation Example The author of the essay "The Effects of The Financial Crisis of 2008 on the UK Economic Growth" begins with short abstract and introduction. The author mentions that the financial crisis of 2008, also known as the great recession is considered by a number of economists as being the worst financial crisis after the Great Depression in 1930. Leading to the collapse of a number of financial institutions, bailout of banks and downfall in the stock markets it reflected through the growth and development of many of the advanced, developing and underdeveloped nations of the world. It significantly hit the housing market of nations, resulted in many evictions and foreclosures and high and prolonged unemployment too. The present project seeks to bring forth the impacts of the financial crisis on the economic growth of United Kingdom. Economic activity in the United Kingdom faced a downfall during the first half of 2008 and finally came to a standstill till its end. Initially a small stimulus was provided by the government; however, with the gathering momentum of the financial crisis, UK’s labor market dramatically weakened finally leading to a considerable extent of unemployment. The project seeks to bring forth the evaluation of the financial crisis of 2008 on the economic growth of United Kingdom. In the end, the author sums up that even though the fall in employment levels during the crisis of 2008 was much lower compared to the previous phases of recession, the impact on the nation’s growth was found to be significant.

Intellectual property (Trade Marks Act 2005, Designs Act 2003, Patents Essay

Intellectual property (Trade Marks Act 2005, Designs Act 2003, Patents Act 1990) - Essay Example It is a business for them. But to actually think there are professionals out there who paid their way through university is a worry†¦. To be honest I do feel a bit guilty using samedayessay.com. I had no idea that such a company existed until about 2 months ago when I was in over my head, totally desperate for some type of help and stumbled across this site via a Google search! I was shocked, a bit skeptical, but relived at the same time. I haven’t studied since 2004. I work full time + overtime and I stupidly enrolled myself into 2 online subjects, thinking it would be a breeze†¦. Well boy was I wrong. It has been so much work, doing all the readings, all the activities, online participation, not having any face to face lessons. Six weeks into the course felt I was drowning. So stressed, so busy! That is when I decided to get a few of my assignment done via the company. I am glad I got the help, but in a way I feel I cheated, I cheated myself, that is why I am readi ng and trying to learn and understand. Next year I will only be enrolling into 1 subject, that way I can focus 100% on it and not feel as stressed, and hopefully not need an essay writing company. But in saying that, in case I ever do need help, I would like to keep in touch. Not sure how long you plan to stay with samedayessay.com, and I am not sure if you are allowed to pass on your details to clients, but I will give you my details: (face book – katerina cvetkovski katerinacvet@hotmail.com) other email kcvetkovski@optusnet.com.au. The paper sounds very good. Thank you so much. Please read my comments/ questions Question 1 Issue The main point of contention is whether Fred's registration of the trademark GOOD FRIENDS FENCE is potentially an infringement of the Trade Marks Act 1995 with regards to the claims being made by GOOD NEIGHBOURS FENCE which is asserting that they have the rights to the trade mark. In other words, is it likely that Fred has committed a breach under t he Trade Mark's Act (1995) or not. Rules The Trade Marks Act 1995 states that a trade mark needs to be distinctive and reflect the trade commercial or trade origins of a person (EJ Gallo V Lion Nathan, 2010). In Section 20, it is noted that the owner of a trademark has the right to use the trademark, authorise the use of the trademark and obtain relief when the trademark is infringed. A trademark is infringed if a person uses a sign that is identical with or is deceptively similar with the the trademark (Section 120 (1)). However, for action on trademark infringement to be taken, the trademark must be used as a trademark [Konininkliike Philips V Remington (2000)]. Section 120(2) of the Act states that a trademark is infringed if the goods or service for which the trademark is used are similar or closely related. An action on infringement can also be taken if the trademark is known is Australia and unregistered (Van Caenegem 2010 p139: Davison et al, 2008 p133). Also infringement occ urs when the trademark is substantially identical or deceptively similar to goods or services that are unidentical. Section 120 also states that action can be taken on infringement when there is a realization that the owner's interest could be adversely affected. In the case of Belei Hestia V Bali Inc (1973), it was established that

DP CH 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

DP CH 1 - Essay Example Type-2 diabetes accounts for more than 90% of diabetes cases and has been increasing primarily because of the rise in the obesity, heart complications, and kidney failure (County of Los Angeles Public Health (2008). At the same time; age, gender, ethnicity, and life style patterns also affect the level of diabetes in Asians, Whites, and Africans (Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2012). The numbers of diabetics in the United States have been increasing in last few years and obesity is considered as the main reason behind it. However, race and gender has also been assumed as the main factors in determining the impact and influence of diabetes in many people (Chowdhary, et al, 2003). Diabetes is the sixth leading cause of death and ninth leading cause of premature death in Los Angeles County suggesting that the impact and influence of diabetes is quite high on the lives of people living in Los Angeles County (Wulffson, 2011). It was further found that the prevalence of diabete s in quite high in Black and South Asian people suggesting that race and ethnicity play an important role in determining and ascertaining the level of diabetes. It was further found that Black and South Asians are more inclined to develop diabetes mainly because of their lifestyle and obesity issues that is more inclined to eating oily and unhealthy food. Diabetes is a life threatening health complication that can affect the well being of people in a considerable manner (Wulffson, 2011). It was found that adult diabetes rate has increased from 6.6% in 1997 to 9.1% in 2007 affecting more than 65000 adults in Los Angeles County and can be considered as an alarming situation (County of Los Angeles Public Health (2008). As per the report published by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2012); it was found that out of the 25.6 million adults with diabetes in the United States, 12.6 million were women in the year 2010. This clearly shows that the number of women suffering from diabetes in the United States is quite high. It was also found that Black and South Asian women are more likely to develop diabetes compared to European and White women. The risk of heart disease in women was found to be more serious compared to men highlighting the risks women are exposed to in terms of diabetes in the United States (Das, 2002). Women with diabetes are more likely to develop heart and obesity issues that can further affect their life expectancy in a negative manner. As stated before, gender, race, and ethnicity play an important role in determining the level of diabetes and the danger of diabetes is quite high in Hispanic, Africans, Asians, and American Indians. It is often believed that family history also determines the level of diabetes and, people with poor genes and complicated medical history are supposed to develop diabetes either at an early or later age (Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2012). The complication of diabetes can be in the form of he art issues, obesity, poor health, weak eye sight, and uneasiness. All these health complications can lead to long term health complications that may result in sudden death or failure of multiple body organs (Eyler, 1998). People suffering from diabetes need to be more focused on accepting a healthy lifestyle rather living an erratic lifestyle that can affect the overall well being in a negative manner. Diabetes cannot be cured permanently, it can only be managed and controlled and

Warren Buffet & His Organization Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 8

Warren Buffet & His Organization - Assignment Example This encourages the employees to be loyal to the company. Loyal employees usually devote all their energy to the work in order to ensure that the aims and objectives of the company are met. It is through this leadership and Warren is able to work closely with the employees. On the other hand, Warren understands the needs of the employees and is usually on the forefront in ensuring that the needs of the employees are met. The democratic nature of the leadership of Warren has enabled the employees to be willing to do their best in order to ensure that the organization is successful. Warren was aware of the importance of diversity in the workforce. This is considering that his organization has employees from different groups. According to the contingency theory, the nature in which the organization must relate plays an important role and the leaders should consider it. Warren always intend on promoting a good relationship between the members of the diverse groups. Teamwork is common in his organization and this promotes good relations between the members of diverse groups. Diversity at the organization is considered as a source of strength as each member has something unique to offer. On the other hand, he is good during the decision making process. Warren is usually flexible and this has been useful in ensuring that any situation can be dealt with within a short period of time. The approach used by Warren during the decision-making process is quite professional. The professionalism is useful in ensuring that a good relationship is developed with the stakeholders including the employees. The development of the right attitudes towards the other people is an important aspect that is utilized by Warren. This has been useful in terms of inspiring the employees and the members of staff at the organization. Warren cares about the lives of the people that he leads.

U05a1 Project - Outline and Bibliography Assignment

U05a1 Project - Outline and Bibliography - Assignment Example Retrieved 9 august, 2009 from http://www.sas.com/technologies/architecture/information-management/index.html Galrahn. (2009). The great debate about the future fleet structure. Information Dissemination.net. Retrieved 9 august, 2009 from http://www.informationdissemination.net/2009/02/great-debate-about-future-fleet.html Heller, R. (2006). Management Challenges: The Management Revolution has brought with it challenges that must be met. Thinkingmanagers.com. Retrieved 9 August, 2009 from http://www.thinkingmanagers.com/management/management-challenges.php Linton, R.D. (2003). Information dissemination management tactical: Providing information at the right place and format. Army Communicator, Winter (III), Retrieved 9 August, 2009 from http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0PAA/is_4_28/ai_n6118597/ Moseley, M. (2009). Multidomain master data management for business success. IInformation Management and Sourcemedia Inc. Retrieved 9 August, 2009 from http://www.information-management.com/specialreports/2009_153/mdm_master_data_management_analytics_manufacturing_marketing-10015747-1.html Svenkerud, P. J. (1995). Testing the applicability of two information dissemination models, diffusion of innovations and social marketing, for HIV/AIDS prevention among unique population groups in Thailand. Ohio: Ohio

Sexual Harassment in the Work Environment Today Essay Example for Free

Sexual Harassment in the Work Environment Today Essay Sexual harassment is perhaps best defined as unwelcome verbal, visual or physical conduct that is of a sexual nature. (â€Å"Sexual harassment in,†). According to the EECO website both the claims and monetary rewards associated with sexual have dropped drastically over the past decade.  What will you do to learn something new about this? I will begin by researching reliable web-site for further information on the subject. I will also use both the Kaplan library and my own local library for additional resources.   What will you do to provide the reader and yourself with new information?  I will convey to the reader all relevant information to the in both a logical and entertaining fashion. My paper will be interesting as well as factual, and will provide the reader with information which should enhance their knowledge of sexual harassment in the work place. How will you go about accomplishing this research paper? I will begin by doing extensive research on the topic of sexual harassment. I will cluster my ideas and begin to write my paper.  What is your plan to get this done?  Week one will consist of research gathering and clustering. By week to I will begin to write my paper which should be completed no later than week three. I will have at least two proof readers read my paper before it is submitted . References Sexual harassment in the workplace know your rights . (n.d.). Retrieved from https://careers.tcu.edu/sg../Sexual_Harassment_in_the_Workplace.pd

Discretion in Law Enforcement

Discretion in Law Enforcement The Use of Law Enforcements Discretion Discretion is the ability to change from a previous set plan, rule, or action. It is used in many peoples work and personal life every day. In law enforcement, it allows them to add to the many tools already provided to ensure that all people receive the best possible service. Discretion is and always will be up to the person and is not a mandatory resource. This paper describes police discretion, and the various control mechanisms available i.e., internal control mechanisms control by the citizens, legislative control, and control by the courts. Many factors and characteristics are also the reasons why some police use discretion. The paper will summarize who and what contributes to the use of discretion while explaining why and when law enforcement is able to use it. Discretion is not about right or wrong, but using their discretion with honesty and without discrimination. Discretion is a choice to find an alternative to actions, rules, regulations, laws and even procedures. Its action is necessary because, there are times when the best choice is not the one that is written in black and white. When it comes to law enforcement, the use of discretion is determined by the incident and who is involved. Discretion is a necessary tool because criminal justice personnel will come into contact with different people in different situations. Many of those times, there will be actions or a situation that they have never heard of and for this, the rules, laws, and guidelines that are written need not be followed because of factors involved. Also, there are too many of these rules, laws and guidelines to apply to the situation. Discretion cannot be taken lightly because the end result may hurt someone In the beginning, there first has to be an understanding of discretion. Discretion is an action in which someone does not necessarily follow what was given to them. It is used by organizations every day because the right way is not always the best way. Law enforcement has the ability to use discretion constantly. It allows them to make judgment calls in almost every situation that they are involved in. Discretion is not necessarily considered acceptable or unacceptable; it is about taking factors from an incident or situation and making the best decision. Let us take a look at state police on the highway checking for speeders. The officer stopped five vehicles and gave a ticket to only one. There were many factors the officer took into consideration when deciding if and which person he stopped would get a ticket. How far over the speed limit was the person going, was the person weaving in and out of traffic, what was the cause for the speeding, or was the situation too dangerous not to go unpunished. Discretion is a good tool for law enforcement as it allows officers to help the court system. The officer is the one in the criminal justice system who determines if people gets a ticket (traffic incidents) or are arrested (for minor offenses). This is because they are the first point of contact in most situations with the citizens that they serve. Lower level law enforcement are the ones out in the field patrolling the neighborhood, they make the traffic stops, and they are the one that communicate the most with society. Because of this, law enforcement gets to know the people. Officers also learn their habits, know about their family and at times, even know of any personal problems citizens may have. With all of this knowledge about the community in which law enforcement serves, it is best for them to have and use discretion when necessary. Everyone cannot be treated the same because all situations and problems are not the same. Dealing with so many different individual cases, it b ecomes recognized that law enforcement officers could not always strictly follow all rules and regulations as stipulated by law. (Halliday, 3) Every day, depending on the situations, law enforcement has to use their discretion. It may be whether to pull their weapon, whether to pull the trigger on that weapon, whether to pull over someone for speeding or even whether to arrest a person. The decisions, to take such actions, take a lot of consideration on the part of law enforcement. There are also many factors to take into consideration. Not only about the community and what is going on with them but, also the officer and what type of day he may be having. Officers have bad days just like everyone else and that may be a factor in the choices they make. In the case of law enforcement pulling their weapon, the person, they are confronting, may have a weapon but is not confronting them. They would have the discretion to talk to the person into putting down the weapon or possibly using a stun gun. Discretion is about making the right decision in the right situation. Sometimes when making what is thought to be the right decision would come back and hurt the officer or even someone else in the end. In some situations, discretion is hard because it is not only about the officer but others who may be involved. In this case, the person just needed to get some mental health help and the officer was aware of that. There are many controls mechanisms and types of police discretion. The administrative control, which is the one that comes from the department, are the rules and regulation put out by those in charge. Administrative control is also about the number of officers in the department and where they will be assigned. It involves the department putting the best people in the best officers in respective areas to serve and protect. What if law enforcement administration at one time used their discretion to place all Black law enforcement personnel in the impoverished area because that is where most of the Blacks lived, it is not necessarily a good idea. When law enforcement administration puts only one type of person in an area, they not only are stereotyping, but the fail to give the officer and the community a chance to expand their knowledge of different cultures. Administrative control is also about the use of an officers discretion. There may be the need for the administration to take act ion because discretion used by law enforcement was not used properly or was of an illegal nature. For this, disciplinary actions or extra training may be required. It is just explain to those who did wrong the proper way of doing things. If it is training, the administration and others could run through scenarios. This would put them in a more realistic situation while critiquing each step of the way. Administrative control is also when budgeting for in the department falls. If there is not enough money to hire, many officers will be affected. Officers will have to work longer hours for less money. The vehicles will not be maintained causing fewer officers on the streets. The officers on the streets also will ponder how to get the job done causing issues with safety. This type of control gives forces law enforcement to make choices they otherwise would not make or even cause them to be hurt because the job has to be done. There is also the external control to the use of discretion by law enforcement. This includes controls by citizens, legislative controls, and the control by courts. The control by citizens pertains to the citizen review board. Here, the citizens voice their opinion about the conduct of an officer. This is a way to maintain discipline of those who serve the community and make a resolution of complaints. In order for the citizen review board to work, there must be the right people in the position and also resources to help them out. Without the necessary tools, it would most likely fail. The citizen review board cannot function alone and need constant feedback from both the community and the law enforcement administration. Someone will set policy for the police department so that some laws are enforced passively and others actively, the legislatures by default allow these legislative decisions to be made by the police. (Tieger, 721) This is where the legislative control comes into play. This control is about laws and how much discretion is given to law enforcement. An example of this is when a procedure is no longer used by law enforcement because of the many serious injuries to suspects. When taking down a suspect, an officer used that particular procedure, even though the officer was well aware that the procedure was no longer to be used. He used his discretion to use that procedure because it was the only way to subdue the suspect. Even though there ae legislative controls, they are also limited because how a law is written. An example is when it comes to domestic abuse. While a law is written to explain who and when someone should be arrested in the case of domestic abuse, the discretion to follow the law comes during investigation because law enforcement has a problem with probable cause and determining the aggressor. (Gaines Kappeler, 256) The discretion is to either arrest because of the law even if it is the wrong person or arrest no one. When using discretion, law enforcement has to be flexible and enlightened in order to determine the legally responsible party of the illegal offense. The law of the offense cannot be followed because it would be too strong and it is sometimes better not to give justice. When thinking about the action of justice, there become concerns about who the justice comes to and does not come to. With legislative control comes political influence. Just because laws are made, it does not mean that politicians have the right to influence and push them on law enforcement. Law enforcement must be protected from these actions and allowed to do their job with the best of their ability and with the knowledge and training. Political pressure will cause so me to rebel which would then cause turmoil in the department. When arrest decisions become based upon personal judgments, there is a real potential for arbitrary and discriminatory enforcement of the law. (Wortly, 3) A great example is when the child of law enforcement is involved in a felony offense. They know about it and does not do anything or even turn their child in. But, if it was another persons child, even their friends, they would arrest and take that child into custody. This is unfair justice discretion. What makes their child any different than someone else? This type of discretion could possibly lead to other types of corruption which should not be allowed in law enforcement. Law enforcement is held to a higher standard than the ordinary man which means that their family should be held responsible just like the ordinary person when a serious offense has occurred. Control by the courts is necessary as they are the highest law of the land. What the court has put out are basically guidelines to be followed. One true law or rule is when the Miranda Warning must be administered. This is necessary when questioning is to be done and is necessary just in case the information given has to be used in court. Administering the Miranda warning not only protects the officer but also the suspect. It protects the officer by allowing them to ask any question they may need for a case. It protects the suspect because they do not have to answer and could stop answering their question at any time. While there are different mechanisms to control discretion used by law enforcement, there is also different styles that are distinguished by certain actions the officer may or may not perform. Wortley wrote of the policing styles and how it plays a role in the use of discretion. The service style is about community policing and how it does not take an arrest to solve an issue. In the watchman style, it is about keeping thing under control and in order. Law enforcement will get into it with offenders if they had to but prefer to keep it simple and allow them to settle down. There is then the legalistic style where the person goes to jail regardless of the seriousness of the offense and the offender. Discretion is purposeful and essential when it comes to crime control. Crime control cannot be effectively achieved through the enactment of laws unless the public supports sufficient police discretion in the enforcement of criminal laws. (Cihan Wells, 349) If the society and the community are not willing to help out, then law enforcement is not able to do their job. This is where they use discretion in investigation of criminal activity. There is discretion in the questions asked about the incident and who the questions will be asked to. There is discretion in what age the person should be when they are looking for suspects. As children see and remember almost everything, law enforcement knows that the articulating skill of a child is not the best so they will have to use great discretion to get the information. Law enforcement also must use discretion in what information to use because children can also be talkative at times. While police discretion is seen as inevitable and essential, there remains an underlying fear that its exercise may lead to arbitrary, corrupt or unethical behavior. (Bronitt Stenning, 319) Not using discretion properly could cause corruption in law enforcement. This action could not only hurt the department, but also the officer (s) involved. Too much discretion given to certain situations could give the impression that law enforcement is biased. This issue could cause a problem in the community which could then cause problems in the department. When the community is not happy because of the way law enforcement is performing their duties, it could cause many problems such as distrust. Another problem with possibly not using discretion comes when the administration puts only certain officers in certain areas. Lets look at Black officers working in the most impoverished part of a town. Administration thought this would be best because they think that only Black people live in these t ypes of area. This could cause a problem as there are many officers that may have grown up in the same area and they are just as knowledgeable about the people in the impoverished area. Using discretion not the mix the cultures within the department, in the different areas of town deprives everyone. The department, as well as the officer, does not learn about the community, businesses or people and vice versa. Discretion is empowered to law enforcement by the selective enforcement of the penal code. (Wortley, 3) This action happens from the time law enforcement comes into contact with a person until the time they are allowed to leave or are arrested. When an officer uses discretion during an incident, they more or less give the sentence. Whether it is taking someone to jail, giving them a ticket or just letting to go after a conversation, it is up to the officer. Law enforcement does not do this just after talking to a person. They take into consideration many factors such as the attitude the person has, if a person has had previous run-ins with the law, or if the person is wanted. Discretion is about making the best decision for the person and law enforcement at that time. Many times when an alleged suspect has an attitude and presents that to law enforcement, law enforcement will in turn have an attitude with that person. It shows that the nicer, you are, can help you get a better decisi on from what is intended. When it comes to being known by law enforcement because of the times they have stopped you, law enforcement used previous incident to do it again Even though it may seem biased, many discretions used by law enforcement is necessary to stop crime. Law enforcement is out in the community constantly and knows who does the crime and what type of crime. Law enforcement, most of the time is trying to stop it before it even starts. In conclusion, there are several explanations to discretion but it is basically a persons choice of an alternative to rules or regulations. When it comes to law enforcement, they use discretion constantly. In the understanding of discretion it should be known that it is not mandatory to be used as well as different factors and characteristics that are involved when law enforcement uses it to give a warrant, citation or just let a person walk away. Discretion is not something that is actually written in stone. Discretion of the actions from law enforcement comes from actions, attitudes, and any other previous information as well as the people involved. It is just a way for law enforcement to make a judgment on the outcome of the issues in a community. The discretion that law enforcement uses could be beneficial to the citizens of the community as well as the department. When using discretion wisely, law enforcement and the community get to know each other. Using discretion could also cut down on the time it takes up in the court system. As long as law enforcement uses discretion properly and honestly, they cannot get into trouble for being biased. Discretion is useful and necessary because all incidents with law enforcement do not need to see the inside of the court. There are several controls mechanisms to discretion such as internal, citizens, legislative and courts. There are also several styles that are distinguished by the actions law enforcement performs. Discretion is a unique choice to give people because it could make their work place and life easier. References Alpert, G. P., Dunham, R. G., Stroshine, M., Bennett. K., MacDonald, J. (2004). Police Officers decision making and discretion: Forming suspicion and making a stop. Retrieved from: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/213004.pdf. Bronitt, S. Stenning, P. (2011). Understanding discretion in modern policing. Retrieved from: http://www98.griffith.edu.au/dspace/bitstream/handle/10072/44249/76896_1.pdf?sequence=1. Cihan, A. Wells, W. (2010). Citizens opinions about police discretion in criminal investigations. College of Criminal Justice, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, Texas. Retrieved from: http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy2.apus.edu/docview/868913488/fulltextPDF?accountid=8289. Gaines, L. K. Kappeler, V. E. (2011). Policing in America (7th ed.). Waltham, MA Anderson Publishing, Elsevier, Inc. Tieger, J. H. (n. d.). Police discretion and discriminatory enforcement. Retrieved from: http://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2345context=dlj. Wortley, R. (2003). Measuring police attitudes towards discretion. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 30,538-558. Retrieved from: http://cjb.sagepub.com.ezproxy2.apus.edu/content/30/5/538.full.pdf+ht.